NASS Census of Agriculture

The NASS Census of Agriculture dataset, managed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), is a comprehensive, decennial survey of U.S. farms and ranches. Conducted every five years (e.g., 2022, 2017, 2012), it captures detailed data on agricultural practices, including land use, ownership, operator demographics, crop/livestock production, income, expenditures, and economic viability. The dataset spans all 50 states, Puerto Rico, and American Indian Reservations, offering granular insights down to the county level. Created to inform policy, research, and industry planning, the census serves as the primary source for analyzing agricultural trends, supporting farm policy, and guiding resource allocation. Key features include its extensive geographic breakdown, integration of economic and environmental metrics, and specialized reports (e.g., on racial/ethnic operator demographics, watersheds, and tribal lands). NASS provides access via Quick Stats, a searchable database, and interactive Ag Census Web Maps, enabling users to visualize and download data across categories like crops, livestock, and farm economics. Unique aspects include its historical continuity (dating back to 1840) and the inclusion of non-traditional data such as sustainability practices and digital agriculture adoption. The dataset is freely accessible, fostering transparency and enabling stakeholders to address challenges like climate resilience, market shifts, and rural development.